Who is the murderer

Acting on an anonymous phone call, the police raid a house to arrest a suspected murderer. They don't know what he looks like but they know his name is John and that he is inside the house. The police bust in on a carpenter, a lorry driver, a mechanic and a fireman all playing poker. Without hesitation or communication of any kind, they immediately arrest the fireman. How do they know they've got their man?

Solution: http://pastebin.com/Ypey6Q4w

Whom to choose!

You are driving down the road in your car on a wild, stormy night, when you pass by a bus stop and you see three people waiting for the bus

An old lady who looks as if she is about to die. An old friend who once saved your life. The perfect partner you have been dreaming about.

Knowing that there can only be one passenger in your car, whom would you choose? 

Solution: http://pastebin.com/UCKYVepb

Man & Elevetor Problem

A man lives on the twelfth floor of an apartment building. Every morning he takes the elevator down to the lobby and leaves the building. In the evening, he gets into the elevator, and, if there is someone else in the elevator -- or if it was raining that day -- he goes back to his floor directly. Otherwise, he goes to the tenth floor and walks up two flights of stairs to his apartment.

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Unusual Paragraph Problem

This is a most unusual paragraph. How quickly can you find out what is so unusual about it? It looks so ordinary that you would think that nothing is wrong with it at all, and, in fact, nothing is. But it is unusual. Why? If you study it and think about it, you may find out, but I am not going to assist you in any way. You must do it without any hints or coaching. No doubt, if you work at it for a bit, it will dawn on you. Who knows? Go to work and try your skill. Good luck!

What is unusual about the above paragraph?

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Two Pots, One Treasure Problem

On the right, you see a silver and a golden pot. One of these pots contains a treasure and the other one is empty. Assume that you can determine from the text prints which pot contains the treasure.
The text prints on the pots are:
The silver pot: "This pot is empty."
The golden pot: "Exactly one of these texts is true."

Which pot contains the treasure?

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Prisoner Hats, 3 Heads, 5 Hats

In a small village in the middle of nowhere, three innocent prisoners are sitting in a jail. One day, the cruel jailer takes them out and places them in a line on three chairs, in such a way that man C can see both man A and man B, man B can see only man A, and man A can see none of the other men. The jailer shows them 5 hats, 2 of which are black and 3 of which are white. After this, he blindfolds the men, places one hat on each of their heads, and removes the blindfolds again. The jailer tells his three prisoners that if one of them is able to determine the color of his hat within one minute, all of them are released. Otherwise, they will all be executed. None of the prisoners can see his own hat, and all are intelligent. After 59 seconds, man A shouts out the (correct) color of his hat!

What is the color of man A’s hat, and how does he know?

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Colorful Dwarf Party

In a distant, dark forest, lives a population of 400 highly intelligent dwarfs. The dwarfs all look exactly alike, but only differ in the fact that they are wearing either a red or a blue hat. There are 250 dwarfs with a red hat and 150 dwarfs with a blue hat. Striking however, is that the dwarfs don’t know these numbers themselves and that none of them knows what the colour of his hat is (there are for example no mirrors in this forest). But the dwarfs do know that there is at least one dwarf with a red hat.

During a certain period of their year, there is a big party in this village, to which initially all dwarfs will go. However, this party is only intended for dwarfs wearing a blue hat. Dwarfs with a red hat are supposed never to return to the party again, as soon as they know that they are wearing a red hat.

How many days does it take before there are no more dwarfs with a red hat left at the party?

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